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Joachim Ansorg edited this page 2021-11-12 20:02:25 +01:00
Table of Contents

In POSIX sh, $(<file) is undefined.

(or "In dash, ... is not supported." when using dash)

Problematic code:

content=$(<file)

Correct code:

content=$(cat file)

Rationale:

In bash and ksh, $(< file) will expand to the full contents of the file.

However, in dash and POSIX sh, it will instead expand to nothing. This is because it's not recognized as special, and simply results in the command output of < file, a no-op command that opens the file and exits without reading it.

Exceptions:

None.

Related resources:

  • Help by adding links to BashFAQ, StackOverflow, man pages, POSIX, etc!

ShellCheck

Each individual ShellCheck warning has its own wiki page like SC1000. Use GitHub Wiki's "Pages" feature above to find a specific one, or see Checks.