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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ANSI_X3.4-1968"><title>Chapter 2. Setting Up Cygwin</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"><link rel="home" href="cygwin-ug-net.html" title="Cygwin User's Guide"><link rel="up" href="cygwin-ug-net.html" title="Cygwin User's Guide"><link rel="prev" href="ov-new.html" title="What's new and what changed in Cygwin"><link rel="next" href="setup-env.html" title="Environment Variables"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 2. Setting Up Cygwin</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ov-new.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="setup-env.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="setup-net"></a>Chapter 2. Setting Up Cygwin</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="setup-net.html#internet-setup">Internet Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-download">Download Source</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-dir">Selecting an Install Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-localdir">Local Package Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-connection">Connection Method</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-mirror">Choosing Mirrors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-packages">Choosing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-progress">Download and Installation Progress</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-icons">Shortcuts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-postinstall">Post-Install Scripts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="setup-env.html">Environment Variables</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-env.html#setup-env-ov">Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-env.html#setup-env-win32">Restricted Win32 environment</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="setup-maxmem.html">Changing Cygwin's Maximum Memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="setup-locale.html">Internationalization</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-locale.html#setup-locale-ov">Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-locale.html#setup-locale-how">How to set the locale</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-locale.html#setup-locale-console">The Windows Console character set</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-locale.html#setup-locale-problems">Potential Problems when using Locales</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-locale.html#setup-locale-charsetlist">List of supported character sets</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="setup-files.html">Customizing bash</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="internet-setup"></a>Internet Setup</h2></div></div></div><p>To install the Cygwin net release, go to <a class="ulink" href="https://cygwin.com/" target="_top">https://cygwin.com/</a> and run
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<a class="ulink" href="https://cygwin.com/setup-x86_64.exe" target="_top">setup-x86_64.exe</a>
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to install the 64 bit version of Cygwin. This will download a GUI
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installer which can be run to download a complete cygwin installation
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via the internet. Follow the instructions on each screen to install Cygwin.
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</p><p>
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The <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> installer is designed to be easy
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for new users to understand while remaining flexible for the
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experienced. The volunteer development team is constantly working
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on <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>; before requesting a new feature,
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check the wishlist in the
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<a class="ulink" href="https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=cygwin-setup.git;a=blob_plain;f=README;hb=HEAD" target="_top">Git <code class="literal">README</code>
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</a>. It may already be present in the Git version!
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</p><p>
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On Windows Vista and later, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> will check by
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default if it runs with administrative privileges and, if not, will try
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to elevate the process. If you want to avoid this behaviour and install
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under an unprivileged account just for your own usage, run
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<span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> with the <code class="literal">--no-admin</code> option.
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</p><p>
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Since the default value for each option is the logical choice for
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most installations, you can get a working minimal Cygwin environment
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installed by simply clicking the <code class="literal">Next</code> button
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at each page. The only exception to this is choosing a Cygwin mirror,
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which you can choose by experimenting with those listed at
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<a class="ulink" href="https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html" target="_top">https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html</a>. For more details about each of page of the
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<span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> installation, read on below.
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Please note that this guide assumes that you have a basic understanding
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of Unix (or a Unix-like OS). If you are new to Unix, you will also want
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to make use of <a class="ulink" href="http://www.google.com/search?q=new+to+unix" target="_top">
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other resources</a>.
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</p><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-download"></a>Download Source</h3></div></div></div><p>
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Cygwin uses packages to manage installing various software. When
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the default <code class="literal">Install from Internet</code> option is chosen,
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<span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> creates a local directory to store
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the packages before actually installing the contents.
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<code class="literal">Download from Internet</code> performs only the first
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part (storing the packages locally), while
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<code class="literal">Install from Local Directory</code> performs only the
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second (installing the contents of the packages).
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</p><p>
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The <code class="literal">Download from Internet</code> option is mainly
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for creating a base Cygwin package tree on one computer for
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installation on several machines with
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<code class="literal">Install from Local Directory</code>; copy the
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entire local package tree to another machine with the directory
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tree intact. For example, you might create a <code class="literal">C:\cache\</code>
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directory and place <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> in it. Run
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<span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> to <code class="literal">Install from Internet</code>
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or <code class="literal">Download from Internet</code>, then copy the whole
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<code class="literal">C:\cache\</code> to each machine and instead choose
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<code class="literal">Install from Local Directory</code>.
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</p><p>
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Though this provides some basic mirroring functionality, if you
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are managing a large Cygwin installation, to keep up to date we recommend
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using a mirroring tool such as <span class="command"><strong>wget</strong></span>. A helpful user on
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the Cygwin mailing list created a simple demonstration script to accomplish
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this; search the list for <span class="command"><strong>mkcygwget</strong></span> for ideas.
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</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-dir"></a>Selecting an Install Directory</h3></div></div></div><p>
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The <code class="literal">Root Directory</code> for Cygwin (default
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<code class="literal">C:\cygwin</code>) will become <code class="literal">/</code>
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within your Cygwin installation. You must have write access to
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the parent directory, and any ACLs on the parent directory will
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determine access to installed files.
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</p><p>
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The <code class="literal">Install For</code> options of <code class="literal">All Users</code>
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or <code class="literal">Just Me</code> should always be left on the default
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<code class="literal">All Users</code>, unless you do not have write access to
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<code class="literal">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</code> in the registry or the All Users
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Start Menu. This is true even if you are the only user planning to use Cygwin
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on the machine. Selecting <code class="literal">Just Me</code> will cause problems
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for programs such as <span class="command"><strong>crond</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>sshd</strong></span>.
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If you do not have the necessary permissions, but still want to use these
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programs, consult the Cygwin mailing list archives about others' experiences.
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</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-localdir"></a>Local Package Directory</h3></div></div></div><p>
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The <code class="literal">Local Package Directory</code> is the cache where
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<span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> stores the packages before they are
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installed. The cache must not be the same folder as the Cygwin
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root. Within the cache, a separate directory is created for each
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Cygwin mirror, which allows <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> to use
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multiple mirrors and custom packages. After installing Cygwin,
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the cache is no longer necessary, but you may want to retain the
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packages as backups, for installing Cygwin to another system,
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or in case you need to reinstall a package.
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</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-connection"></a>Connection Method</h3></div></div></div><p>
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The <code class="literal">Direct Connection</code> method of downloading will
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directly connect. If your system is configured to use a proxy server or
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auto-configuration scripts, the <code class="literal">Use System Proxy Settings</code>
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method uses those settings. Alternatively, you can manually enter proxy
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settings into the <code class="literal">Use HTTP/FTP Proxy</code> section.
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</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-mirror"></a>Choosing Mirrors</h3></div></div></div><p>
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Since there is no way of knowing from where you will be downloading
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Cygwin, you need to choose at least one mirror site. Cygwin mirrors
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are geographically distributed around the world; check the list at
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<a class="ulink" href="https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html" target="_top">https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html</a>
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to find one near you. You can select multiple mirrors by holding down
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<code class="literal">CTRL</code> and clicking on each one. If you have the URL of
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an unlisted mirror (for example, if your organization has an internal Cygwin
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mirror) you can add it.
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</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-packages"></a>Choosing Packages</h3></div></div></div><p>
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For each selected mirror site, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> downloads a
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small text file called <code class="literal">setup.bz2</code> that contains a list
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of packages available from that site along with some basic information about
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each package which <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> parses and uses to create the
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chooser window. For details about the format of this file, see the
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<a class="ulink" href="https://sourceware.org/cygwin-apps/setup.html" target="_top">setup homepage</a>.
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</p><p>
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The chooser is the most complex part of <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>.
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Packages are grouped into categories, and one package may belong to multiple
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categories (assigned by the volunteer package maintainer). Each package
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can be found under any of those categories in the hierarchical chooser view.
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By default, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>
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will install only the packages in the <code class="literal">Base</code> category
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and their dependencies, resulting in a minimal Cygwin installation.
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However, this will not include many commonly used tools such as
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<span class="command"><strong>gcc</strong></span> (which you will find in the <code class="literal">Devel</code>
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category). Since <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> automatically selects
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dependencies, be careful not to unselect any required packages. In
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particular, everything in the <code class="literal">Base</code> category is
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required.
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</p><p>
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You can change <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>'s view style, which is helpful
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if you know the name of a package you want to install but not which
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category it is in.
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Click on the <code class="literal">View</code> button and it will rotate between
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<code class="literal">Category</code> (the default), <code class="literal">Full</code> (all
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packages), and <code class="literal">Pending</code> (only packages to be
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installed, removed or upgraded).
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If you are familiar with Unix, you will probably want to at least glance
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through the <code class="literal">Full</code> listing for your favorite tools.
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</p><p>
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Once you have an existing Cygwin installation, the <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>
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chooser is also used to manage your Cygwin installation.
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Information on installed packages is kept in the
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<code class="literal">/etc/setup/</code> directory of your Cygwin installation; if
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<span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> cannot find this directory it will act as if
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you have no Cygwin installation. If <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>
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finds a newer version of an installed package available, it will automatically
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mark it to be upgraded.
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To <code class="literal">Uninstall</code>, <code class="literal">Reinstall</code>, or get the
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<code class="literal">Source</code> for an existing package, click on
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<code class="literal">Keep</code> to toggle it.
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Also, to avoid the need to reboot after upgrading, make sure
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to close all Cygwin windows and stop all Cygwin processes before
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<span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> begins to install the upgraded package.
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</p><p>
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To avoid unintentionally upgrading, use the <code class="literal">Pending</code>
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view to see which packages have been marked for upgrading. If you
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don't want to upgrade a package, click on the new version number to
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toggle it until it says <code class="literal">Keep</code>. All packages can be
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set to stay at the installed version by pressing the <code class="literal">Keep</code>
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button in the top right part of the chooser window.
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</p><p>
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A previous version of each package is usually available, in case downgrading
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is required to avoid a serious bug in the current version of the package.
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Packages also occasionally have testing (or "experimental") versions available.
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Previous and experimental versions can be chosen by clicking on the package's
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<code class="literal">New</code> column until the required version appears.
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</p><p>
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All available experimental packages can be selected by pressing the
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<code class="literal">Exp</code> in the top right part of the chooser window.
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Be warned, however, that the next time you run <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>
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it will try to replace all old or experimental versions with the current
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version, unless told otherwise.
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</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-progress"></a>Download and Installation Progress</h3></div></div></div><p>
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First, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> will download all selected packages
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to the local directory chosen earlier. Before installing,
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<span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> performs a checksum on each package. If the
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local directory is a slow medium (such as a network drive) this can take
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a long time. During the download and installation, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>
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shows progress bars for the current task and total remaining disk space.
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</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-icons"></a>Shortcuts</h3></div></div></div><p>
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You may choose to install "Cygwin Terminal" shortcuts on the Desktop
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and/or Start Menu. These shortcuts run <span class="command"><strong>mintty</strong></span>,
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which will start your default shell as specified
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in <code class="filename">/etc/passwd</code>.
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</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-postinstall"></a>Post-Install Scripts</h3></div></div></div><p>
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Last of all, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> will run any post-install
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scripts to finish correctly setting up installed packages.
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When the last post-install script is completed, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>
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will display a box announcing the completion. A few packages, such as
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the OpenSSH server, require some manual site-specific configuration.
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Relevant documentation can be found in the <code class="literal">/usr/doc/Cygwin/</code>
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or <code class="literal">/usr/share/doc/Cygwin/</code> directory.
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</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-troubleshooting"></a>Troubleshooting</h3></div></div></div><p>
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Unfortunately, the complex setup process means that odd problems can
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occur. If you're having trouble downloading packages, it may be network
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congestion, so try a different mirror and/or a different protocol (i.e.,
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HTTP instead of FTP). If you notice something is not working after
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running setup, you can check the <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> log file
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at <code class="literal">/var/log/setup.log.full</code>. Make a backup of this
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file before running <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> again, and follow the
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steps for <a class="ulink" href="https://cygwin.com/problems.html" target="_top">Reporting
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Problems with Cygwin</a>.
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</p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ov-new.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="setup-env.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">What's new and what changed in Cygwin </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="cygwin-ug-net.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Environment Variables</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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